Pain

Pain represents a large and dynamic market in the United States. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat many types of pain, including pain due to musculoskeletal injuries and lower back pain. Traditional oral NSAIDs can cause serious gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events. The withdrawal of some Cox–2 inhibitors, a class of NSAIDs, has removed a major therapeutic option for patients with moderate and severe forms of pain, leaving a significant impact on the entire market. These developments have created an important need for a localized pain product with a strong safety profile.

Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones. The causes of musculoskeletal pain are varied. Muscle tissue can be damaged with the wear and tear of daily activities. Trauma to an area (auto accidents, falls, fractures, sprains, dislocations, and direct blows to the muscle) also can cause musculoskeletal pain. Other causes of pain include postural strain, repetitive movements, overuse, and prolonged immobilization.